Subjected to Science

by Susan E. Lederer

Long before the U.S. government began conducting secret radiation and germ-warfare experiments, and long before the Tuskegee syphilis experiments, medical professionals had introduced - and hotly debated the ethics of - the use of human subjects in medical experiments. In Subjected to Science, Susan Lederer draws on published reports, unpublished correspondence, the popular press, and antivivisection materials to provide the first full-length history of biomedical research with human subjects from 1890 to 1940. Lederer examines the saturation in which human experimentation occurred as well as the social arrangements made between experimenters and their subjects. She offers detailed accounts of experiments - benign and otherwise - conducted on both healthy and unhealthy men, women, and children. These accounts then form the background for a discussion of such issues as patient consent, self-experimentation, the authority of orthodox medicine, and the ethical problems raised by the use o