Russia's 1996 presidential election

by Michael McFaul

How did Boris Yeltsin - judged by most analysts and politicians the obvious underdog going into the 1996 Russian presidential election - emerge as the clear winner? Was Yeltsin's landslide reelection as free and fair as it appeared? In June 1996, for the first time in a thousand years, Russian citizens were given the chance to select their head of state in a democratic election. Yet the reformist incumbent, Boris Yeltsin, seemed poised for certain defeat at the hands of the Communist Party leader Gennadii Zyuganov; six months earlier, in parliamentary elections, Russian voters resoundingly rejected proreformist candidates in favor of those from the Communist Party and Vladimir Zhirinovsky's Liberal Democratic Party of Russia. Michael McFaul Analyzes three major factors that combine to explain why Yeltsin's victory should have been expected, namely, the "revolutionary" nature of the electorate's choices, polarizing and consolidating effects of the presidential election itself, and the s