Mary Moody Emerson and the origins of transcendentalism

by Phyllis Cole

Mary Moody Emerson has been cast by generations of scholars as the "eccentric aunt" of Ralph Waldo - a quickly, deeply religious woman who though the cherished epistolary partner of her nephew is herself worthy of no sustained critical attention. This biography suggests otherwise. This narrative rethinks both the extent of Mary's influence on her nephew and Mary's own historical standing as writer, thinker, spiritual seeker, and self-reliant, self-creating woman. Biographer Phyllis Cole, who discovered Mary's "Almanack" in the Emerson family papers in 1981, introduces a self-taught, strikingly independent woman, a bold and philosophically gifted writer and fierce reader who chose solitude in nature over married life and other conventions. Her thought and language honored and discretely assimilated by Waldo from youth through old age, Mary not only connected Waldo to a rich ancestral and cultural past but she also formed the matrix in which Waldo developed his essential philosophic and